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What is "epidemiology"?

Alison Celigoi • Mar 29, 2020
With COVID-19 in full swing, we find ourself hearing the term "epidemiology" a lot. Whether it's the news reporting that "epidemiologists have discovered..." or "the epidemiology of COVID-19 shows that...", people need to know what this term actually means and how it impacts public health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines epidemiology as, "the method used to find the causes of health outcomes and diseases in populations. In epidemiology, the patient is the community and individuals are viewed collectively. By definition, epidemiology is the study (scientific, systematic, and data-driven) of the distribution (frequency, pattern) and determinants (causes, risk factors) of health-related states and events (not just diseases) in specified populations (neighborhood, school, city, state, country, global). It is also the application of this study to the control of health problems". 

Epidemiology is the study of diseases and how the impact populations- plain and simple. Epidemiologists are scientists that work to discover the next outbreak and try to prevent it using scientific testing, historical documents, and public health surveillance. The epidemiology of a disease describes its characteristics such as how it spreads and where is it in the world. COVID-19 is a highly contagious virus that is spread from human to human through contact. Epidemiologists tell us that we need to wash our hands and stay 6 feet away from someone who may be sick, because they have studied what happens if we do not do these things. Looking at data from the SARS outbreak of 2003 and the MERS outbreak of 2012, epidemiologists can predict how this novel coronavirus is going to act and behave. For more information on epidemiology, please visit https://www.cdc.gov/careerpaths/k12teacherroadmap/epidemiology.html.
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